Biography

    Allen A. Mitchell is Professor of Public Health (Epidemiology) and Professor of Pediatrics at the Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine. He obtained his BA degree from Washington University in St. Louis in 1966 and his M.D. from Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston in 1970. After pediatric residency training at the Boston Floating Hospital for Infants and Children (Tufts-New England Medical Center), he joined the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program where, among other activities, he worked with Drs. Slone, Shapiro, and Heinonen in the analysis of Collaborative Perinatal Project data on birth defects and drugs in pregnancy. In 1973-75 he was a fellow in pediatric clinical pharmacology at Children's Hospital in Boston (jointly with the Center for the Evaluation of Clinical Procedures at the Harvard School of Public Health), during which time he established the Pediatric Drug Surveillance ("PeDS") Program, an intensive drug surveillance effort focused on the frequency of medication use and adverse effects among hospitalized children. In 1975 he joined Drs. Slone and Shapiro at the newly-created Drug Epidemiology Unit (now Slone Epidemiology Center--SEC) at Boston University, where he continued to direct the PeDS Program.

    Following his interest in both pharmacoepidemiology and birth defects, Dr. Mitchell in 1975 applied the concept of case-control surveillance to the study of teratogenesis, and initiated the SEC Birth Defects Study (BDS) which continues to this time, having collected data on prenatal exposures for over 36,000 malformed infants (and controls) identified at over 90 hospitals and state birth defects registries in the regions surrounding Boston, Philadelphia, Toronto, and San Diego. The BDS is now one of two data collection components collaborating with the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in a national systematic surveillance effort (Vaccines and Medication in Pregnancy Safety Surveillance—“VAMPSS”) designed to evaluate the risks and safety of the wide range of medications taken by pregnant women. Dr. Mitchell also designed and directed a practitioner-based trial of 84,000 children to assess the safety of pediatric ibuprofen, a network that continues to conduct clinically-relevant office-based research, directed epidemiologic efforts to evaluate pregnancy prevention efforts as part of risk management programs associated with isotretinoin (Accutane and others) and thalidomide (Thalomid), and designed the Slone Survey. Dr. Mitchell is the author of numerous publications in the fields of pediatric and birth defects pharmacoepidemiology and serves on many editorial boards and advisory committees.

    Slone Webpage: http://www.bu.edu/slone/


Publications
    1. Lin KJ, Mitchell AA, Yau WP, Louik C, Hernández-Díaz S. Safety of macrolides during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Mar; 208(3):221.e1-8.
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    2. Van Marter LJ, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in late pregnancy and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics. 2013 Jan; 131(1):79-87.
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    3. Van Bennekom CM, Mitchell AA, Moore CA, Werler MM. Vasoactive exposures during pregnancy and risk of microtia. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2013 Jan; 97(1):53-9.
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    4. Ahrens K, Lash TL, Louik C, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Correcting for exposure misclassification using survival analysis with a time-varying exposure. Ann Epidemiol. 2012 Nov; 22(11):799-806.
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    5. Lin KJ, Mitchell AA, Yau WP, Louik C, Hernández-Díaz S. Maternal exposure to amoxicillin and the risk of oral clefts. Epidemiology. 2012 Sep; 23(5):699-705.
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    6. Louik C, Chambers C, Jacobs D, Rice F, Johnson D, Mitchell AA. Influenza vaccine safety in pregnancy: can we identify exposures? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013 Jan; 22(1):33-9.
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    7. Margulis AV, Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, Werler MM, Mittleman MA, Glynn RJ, Hernandez-Diaz S. Use of topiramate in pregnancy and risk of oral clefts. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Nov; 207(5):405.e1-7.
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    8. Radin RG, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Predictors of recall certainty of dates of analgesic medication use in pregnancy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013 Jan; 22(1):25-32.
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    9. Yazdy MM, Tinker SC, Mitchell AA, Demmer LA, Werler MM. Maternal tea consumption during early pregnancy and the risk of spina bifida. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012 Oct; 94(10):756-61.
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    10. Kelley KE, Hernández-Díaz S, Chaplin EL, Hauser R, Mitchell AA. Identification of phthalates in medications and dietary supplement formulations in the United States and Canada. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Mar; 120(3):379-84.
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    11. Anderka M, Mitchell AA, Louik C, Werler MM, Hernández-Diaz S, Rasmussen SA. Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012 Jan; 94(1):22-30.
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    12. Werler MM, Ahrens KA, Bosco JL, Mitchell AA, Anderka MT, Gilboa SM, Holmes LB. Use of antiepileptic medications in pregnancy in relation to risks of birth defects. Ann Epidemiol. 2011 Nov; 21(11):842-50.
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    13. Mitchell AA. Fetal risk from ACE inhibitors in the first trimester. BMJ. 2011; 343:d6667.
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    14. Yau WP, Lin KJ, Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA, Hernández-Díaz S. Drug certainty-response in interview-based studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011 Nov; 20(11):1210-6.
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    15. Ahrens K, Yazdy MM, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Folic Acid intake and spina bifida in the era of dietary folic Acid fortification. Epidemiology. 2011 Sep; 22(5):731-7.
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    16. Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Case-control studies for identifying novel teratogens. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2011 Aug 15; 157(3):201-8.
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    17. Mitchell AA. Adverse drug reactions in utero: perspectives on teratogens and strategies for the future. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun; 89(6):781-3.
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    18. Yazdy MM, Mitchell AA, Liu S, Werler MM. Maternal dietary glycaemic intake during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2011 Jul; 25(4):340-6.
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    19. Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Louik C, Hernández-Díaz S. Medication use during pregnancy, with particular focus on prescription drugs: 1976-2008. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jul; 205(1):51.e1-8.
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    20. Schatz M, Chambers CD, Jones KL, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Safety of influenza immunizations and treatment during pregnancy: the Vaccines and Medications in Pregnancy Surveillance System. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun; 204(6 Suppl 1):S64-8.
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    21. Vernacchio L, Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Mitchell AA. Vitamin, Fluoride, and Iron Use among US Children Younger than 12 Years of Age: Results from the Slone Survey 1998-2007. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Feb; 111(2):285-9.
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    22. Carter TC, Olney RS, Mitchell AA, Romitti PA, Bell EM, Druschel CM. Maternal self-reported genital tract infections during pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2011 Feb; 91(2):108-16.
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    23. Mitchell AA. Proton-pump inhibitors and birth defects--some reassurance, but more needed. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 25; 363(22):2161-3.
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    24. Toh S, Mitchell AA, Anderka M, de Jong-van den Berg LT, Hernández-Díaz S. Antibiotics and oral contraceptive failure - a case-crossover study. Contraception. 2011 May; 83(5):418-25.
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    25. Hernandez RK, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Decongestant use during pregnancy and its association with preterm delivery. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2010 Sep; 88(9):715-21.
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    26. Louik C, Schatz M, Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Asthma in pregnancy and its pharmacologic treatment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Aug; 105(2):110-7.
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    27. Louik C, Gardiner P, Kelley K, Mitchell AA. Use of herbal treatments in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May; 202(5):439.e1-439.e10.
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    28. Burris HH, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Periconceptional multivitamin use and infant birth weight disparities. Ann Epidemiol. 2010 Mar; 20(3):233-40.
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    29. Yazdy MM, Liu S, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Maternal dietary glycemic intake and the risk of neural tube defects. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Feb 15; 171(4):407-14.
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    30. Broussard CS, Louik C, Honein MA, Mitchell AA. Herbal use before and during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May; 202(5):443.e1-6.
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    31. Toh S, Mitchell AA, Louik C, Werler MM, Chambers CD, Hernández-Díaz S. Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Dec; 29(6):555-60.
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    32. Vernacchio L, Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Mitchell AA. Medication use among children <12 years of age in the United States: results from the Slone Survey. Pediatrics. 2009 Aug; 124(2):446-54.
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    33. Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Moore CA, Honein MA. Is there epidemiologic evidence to support vascular disruption as a pathogenesis of gastroschisis? Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Jul; 149A(7):1399-406.
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    34. Anderka MT, Lin AE, Abuelo DN, Mitchell AA, Rasmussen SA. Reviewing the evidence for mycophenolate mofetil as a new teratogen: case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Jun; 149A(6):1241-8.
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    35. Caton AR, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Werler MM, Lin AE, Browne ML, McNutt LA, Romitti PA, Mitchell AA, Olney RS, Correa A. Antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy and the risk of cardiovascular malformations. Hypertension. 2009 Jul; 54(1):63-70.
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    36. Toh S, Mitchell AA, Louik C, Werler MM, Chambers CD, Hernández-Díaz S. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and risk of gestational hypertension. Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Mar; 166(3):320-8.
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    37. Vernacchio L, Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Mitchell AA. Pseudoephedrine use among US children, 1999-2006: results from the Slone survey. Pediatrics. 2008 Dec; 122(6):1299-304.
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    38. Petersen EE, Mitchell AA, Carey JC, Werler MM, Louik C, Rasmussen SA. Maternal exposure to statins and risk for birth defects: a case-series approach. Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Oct 15; 146A(20):2701-5.
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    39. Hernández-Díaz S, Mitchell AA, Kelley KE, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates in the U.S. population. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Feb; 117(2):185-9.
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    40. Mitchell AA. Prescription medication sharing. Am J Public Health. 2008 Nov; 98(11):1926-7; author reply 1927.
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    41. Vernacchio L, Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Mitchell AA. Cough and cold medication use by US children, 1999-2006: results from the slone survey. Pediatrics. 2008 Aug; 122(2):e323-9.
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    42. Parsells Kelly J, Cook SF, Kaufman DW, Anderson T, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA. Prevalence and characteristics of opioid use in the US adult population. Pain. 2008 Sep 15; 138(3):507-13.
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    43. Carter TC, Druschel CM, Romitti PA, Bell EM, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Antifungal drugs and the risk of selected birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb; 198(2):191.e1-7.
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    44. Toh S, Mitchell AA, Werler MM, Hernández-Díaz S. Sensitivity and specificity of computerized algorithms to classify gestational periods in the absence of information on date of conception. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Mar 15; 167(6):633-40.
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    45. Caton AR, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Browne ML, McNutt LA, Romitti PA, Olney RS, Correa A. Maternal hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and the risk of severe hypospadias. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008 Jan; 82(1):34-40.
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    46. Vernacchio L, Mitchell AA. Xylitol to prevent acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Sep; 26(9):863-4; author reply 864.
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    47. Hernández-Díaz S, Van Marter LJ, Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics. 2007 Aug; 120(2):e272-82.
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    48. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA. Management of acute otitis media by primary care physicians: trends since the release of the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics/American Academy of Family Physicians clinical practice guideline. Pediatrics. 2007 Aug; 120(2):281-7.
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    49. Browne ML, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Gensburg LJ, Mitchell AA, Lin AE, Romitti PA, Correa A. Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of cardiovascular malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2007 Jul; 79(7):533-43.
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    50. Louik C, Lin AE, Werler MM, Hernández-Díaz S, Mitchell AA. First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 28; 356(26):2675-83.
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    51. Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Gestational hypertension in pregnancies supported by infertility treatments: role of infertility, treatments, and multiple gestations. Fertil Steril. 2007 Aug; 88(2):438-45.
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    52. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Ozonoff A, Mitchell AA. Validity of parental reporting of recent episodes of acute otitis media: a Slone Center Office-Based Research (SCOR) Network study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007 Mar-Apr; 20(2):160-3.
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    53. Leeder JS, Mitchell AA. Application of pharmacogenomic strategies to the study of drug-induced birth defects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Apr; 81(4):595-9.
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    54. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA. Tolerability of oral xylitol solution in young children: implications for otitis media prophylaxis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jan; 71(1):89-94.
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    55. Meijer WM, Werler MM, Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, de Jong-van den Berg LT, Mitchell AA. Can folic acid protect against congenital heart defects in Down syndrome? Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2006 Oct; 76(10):714-7.
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    56. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA, Lesko SM, Plaut AG, Acheson DW. Characteristics of persistent diarrhea in a community-based cohort of young US children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Jul; 43(1):52-8.
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    57. Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: maternal characteristics and risk factors. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2006 Jul; 20(4):270-8.
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    58. Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Kelley K, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA. Use of herbal/natural supplements according to racial/ethnic group. J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Jul-Aug; 12(6):555-61.
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    59. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA. Knowledge and practices relating to the 2004 acute otitis media clinical practice guideline: a survey of practicing physicians. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 May; 25(5):385-9.
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    60. Mitchell AA. Prone to sleep, prone to pyloric stenosis? Epidemiology. 2006 Mar; 17(2):136-7.
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    61. Chambers CD, Hernandez-Diaz S, Van Marter LJ, Werler MM, Louik C, Jones KL, Mitchell AA. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 9; 354(6):579-87.
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    62. Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA, Lesko SM, Plaut AG, Acheson DW. Diarrhea in American infants and young children in the community setting: incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Jan; 25(1):2-7.
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    63. Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Rosenberg L, Kelley K, Cooper SG, Mitchell AA. Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy since the Women's Health Initiative findings. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005 Dec; 14(12):837-42.
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    64. Hernández-Díaz S, Wu XF, Hayes C, Werler MM, Ashok TD, Badovinac R, Kelsey KT, Mitchell AA. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and the risk of gestational hypertension. Epidemiology. 2005 Sep; 16(5):628-34.
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    65. Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Honein MA. Use of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep; 193(3 Pt 1):771-7.
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    66. Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Are cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors being taken only by those who need them? Arch Intern Med. 2005 May 9; 165(9):1066-7.
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    67. Louik C, Mitchell AA. Post-marketing surveillance using pharmacy-based cohorts: results of a pilot study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005 May; 14(5):289-95.
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    68. Kelly JP, Kaufman DW, Kelley K, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent trends in use of herbal and other natural products. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Feb 14; 165(3):281-6.
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    69. de Jong-Van den Berg LT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Trends and predictors of folic acid awareness and periconceptional use in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jan; 192(1):121-8.
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    70. Amitai Y, Mitchell AA, McGuigan MA, Lovejoy FH. Comment on "Acetaminophen: the 150 mg/kg myth". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005; 43(3):217.
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    71. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Gulf War veterans and hemifacial microsomia. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2005 Jan; 73(1):50-2.
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    72. Vernacchio L, Mitchell AA. Oral dexamethasone for mild croup. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 23; 351(26):2768-9; author reply 2768-9.
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    73. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Hayes C, Padwa BL, Mitchell AA, Mulliken JB. Demographic and reproductive factors associated with hemifacial microsomia. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004 Sep; 41(5):494-50.
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    74. Vernacchio L, Lesko SM, Vezina RM, Corwin MJ, Hunt CE, Hoffman HJ, Mitchell AA. Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnosis of otitis media in infancy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Jun; 68(6):795-804.
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    75. McCoy RC, Hunt CE, Lesko SM, Vezina R, Corwin MJ, Willinger M, Hoffman HJ, Mitchell AA. Frequency of bed sharing and its relationship to breastfeeding. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004 Jun; 25(3):141-9.
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    76. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Hayes C, Mitchell AA, Mulliken JB. Vasoactive exposures, vascular events, and hemifacial microsomia. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004 Jun; 70(6):389-95.
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    77. Mitchell AA. Systematic identification of drugs that cause birth defects--a new opportunity. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 25; 349(26):2556-9.
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    78. Mitchell AA, Van Bennekom CM. Accutane and pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Dec; 49(6):1201-2.
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    79. Hernández-Díaz S, Hernán MA, Meyer K, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Case-crossover and case-time-control designs in birth defects epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Aug 15; 158(4):385-91.
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    80. Meyer KA, Werler MM, Hayes C, Mitchell AA. Low maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and oral clefts in offspring: the Slone Birth Defects Study. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2003 Jul; 67(7):509-14.
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    81. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Association of vasoconstrictive exposures with risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Epidemiology. 2003 May; 14(3):349-54.
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    82. Hunt CE, Lesko SM, Vezina RM, McCoy R, Corwin MJ, Mandell F, Willinger M, Hoffman HJ, Mitchell AA. Infant sleep position and associated health outcomes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 May; 157(5):469-74.
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    83. Louik C, Mitchell AA. Prenatal prescription of macrolide antibiotics and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Apr; 101(4):816; author reply 816-7.
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    84. Vernacchio L, Corwin MJ, Lesko SM, Vezina RM, Hunt CE, Hoffman HJ, Willinger M, Mitchell AA. Sleep position of low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2003 Mar; 111(3):633-40.
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    85. Corwin MJ, Lesko SM, Heeren T, Vezina RM, Hunt CE, Mandell F, McClain M, Mitchell AA. Secular changes in sleep position during infancy: 1995-1998. Pediatrics. 2003 Jan; 111(1):52-60.
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    86. Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Epidemiologic analysis of maternal factors and amniotic band defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2003 Jan; 67(1):68-72.
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    87. Waller DK, Tita AT, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Association between prepregnancy maternal body mass index and the risk of having an infant with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2003 Jan; 67(1):73-6.
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    88. Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Risk of gestational hypertension in relation to folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov 1; 156(9):806-12.
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    89. Mitchell AA. Infertility treatment--more risks and challenges. N Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 7; 346(10):769-70.
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    90. Lesko SM, Louik C, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA. Asthma morbidity after the short-term use of ibuprofen in children. Pediatrics. 2002 Feb; 109(2):E20.
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    91. Louik C, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Erythromycin use during pregnancy in relation to pyloric stenosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Feb; 186(2):288-90.
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    92. Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States: the Slone survey. JAMA. 2002 Jan 16; 287(3):337-44.
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    93. Hernán MA, Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Causal knowledge as a prerequisite for confounding evaluation: an application to birth defects epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jan 15; 155(2):176-84.
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    94. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Maternal medication use and risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jan 1; 155(1):26-31.
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    95. Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Walker AM, Mitchell AA. Neural tube defects in relation to use of folic acid antagonists during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 May 15; 153(10):961-8.
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    96. Kaufman DW, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA. Signal generation and clarification: use of case-control data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2001 May; 10(3):197-203.
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    97. Lesko SM, O'Brien KL, Schwartz B, Vezina R, Mitchell AA. Invasive group A streptococcal infection and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use among children with primary varicella. Pediatrics. 2001 May; 107(5):1108-15.
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    98. Hernández-Díaz S, Werler MM, Walker AM, Mitchell AA. Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov 30; 343(22):1608-14.
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    99. Shulman RJ, Boyle JT, Colletti RB, Friedman R, Heyman MB, Kearns G, Kirschner BS, Levy J, Mitchell AA, Van Hare G. An updated medical position statement of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000 Sep; 31(3):232-3.
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    100. Louik C, Frumkin H, Ellenbecker MJ, Goldman RH, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Use of a job-exposure matrix to assess occupational exposures in relation to birth defects. J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jul; 42(7):693-703.
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    101. O'Brien K, Schwartz B, Lesko SM, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA. Necrotizing fasciitis during primary varicella. Pediatrics. 2000 Jun; 105(6):1373-5.
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    102. Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Neural-tube defects. N Engl J Med. 2000 Apr 13; 342(15):1135-6; author reply 1136-7.
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    103. Rao RS, Glynn RJ, Werler MM, Van Bennekom CM, Mitchell AA. Comparison of alternative survey methods for sensitive self-reported behaviours in a follow-up study of isotretinoin. J Epidemiol Biostat. 2000; 5(2):133-6.
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    104. Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Achieving a public health recommendation for preventing neural tube defects with folic acid. Am J Public Health. 1999 Nov; 89(11):1637-40.
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    105. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Pediatrics. 1999 Oct; 104(4):e39.
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    106. Werler MM, Hayes C, Louik C, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Multivitamin supplementation and risk of birth defects. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Oct 1; 150(7):675-82.
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    107. Lieff S, Olshan AF, Werler M, Savitz DA, Mitchell AA. Selection bias and the use of controls with malformations in case-control studies of birth defects. Epidemiology. 1999 May; 10(3):238-41.
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    108. Shulman RJ, Boyle JT, Colletti RB, Friedman RA, Heyman MB, Kearns G, Kirschner BS, Levy J, Mitchell AA, Van Hare G. The use of cisapride in children. The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999 May; 28(5):529-33.
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    109. Mitchell AA. Xylitol prophylaxis for acute otitis media: tout de suite? Pediatrics. 1998 Oct; 102(4 Pt 1):974-5.
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    110. Lesko SM, Corwin MJ, Vezina RM, Hunt CE, Mandell F, McClain M, Heeren T, Mitchell AA. Changes in sleep position during infancy: a prospective longitudinal assessment. JAMA. 1998 Jul 22-29; 280(4):336-40.
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    111. Mitchell AA, Lesko SM. Acetaminophen: a clarification. J Pediatr. 1998 Jun; 132(6):1080.
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    112. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. Renal function after short-term ibuprofen use in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1997 Dec; 100(6):954-7.
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    113. Werler MM, Cragan JD, Wasserman CR, Shaw GM, Erickson JD, Mitchell AA. Multivitamin supplementation and multiple births. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Jul 11; 71(1):93-6.
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    114. Andrews EA, Avorn J, Bortnichak EA, Chen R, Dai WS, Dieck GS, Edlavitch S, Freiman J, Mitchell AA, Nelson RC, Neutel CI, Stergachis A, Strom BL, Walker AM. Guidelines for Good Epidemiology Practices for drug, device, and vaccine research in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 1996 Sep; 5(5):333-8.
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    115. Hayes C, Werler MM, Willett WC, Mitchell AA. Case-control study of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and oral clefts. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jun 15; 143(12):1229-34.
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    116. Mitchell AA, Sedlacek WE. Ethnically sensitive messengers: an exploration of racial attitudes of health-care workers and organ procurement officers. J Natl Med Assoc. 1996 Jun; 88(6):349-52.
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    117. Werler MM, Lammer EJ, Mitchell AA. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 2; 334(18):1195-6; author reply 1197.
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    118. Werler MM, Louik C, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Prepregnant weight in relation to risk of neural tube defects. JAMA. 1996 Apr 10; 275(14):1089-92.
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    119. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. Pediatric ibuprofen and leukopenia. JAMA. 1996 Apr 3; 275(13):986.
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    120. Mitchell AA, Van Bennekom CM, Louik C. A pregnancy-prevention program in women of childbearing age receiving isotretinoin. N Engl J Med. 1995 Jul 13; 333(2):101-6.
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    121. Mitchell AA, Lesko SM. When a randomised controlled trial is needed to assess drug safety. The case of paediatric ibuprofen. Drug Saf. 1995 Jul; 13(1):15-24.
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    122. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. An assessment of the safety of pediatric ibuprofen. A practitioner-based randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 1995 Mar 22-29; 273(12):929-33.
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    123. Mitchell AA, Werler MM, Shapiro S. A response to the commentary "Should we consider a subject's knowledge of the etiologic hypothesis in the analysis of case-control studies"? Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Feb 15; 141(4):297-8; discussion 299.
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    124. Werler MM, Mitchell AA. More on folic acid and neural tube defects. Am J Public Health. 1995 Feb; 85(2):269.
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    125. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA. Total bilirubin level in relation to excipients in parenteral morphine sulfate administered to seriously ill newborn infants. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1994 Oct; 8(4):401-10.
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    126. Werler MM, Louik C, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Ovulation induction and risk of neural tube defects. Lancet. 1994 Aug 13; 344(8920):445-6.
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    127. Mitchell AA, Werler MM, Shapiro S. Analyses and reanalyses of epidemiologic data: learning lessons and maintaining perspective. Teratology. 1994 Mar; 49(3):167-8; discussion 169-71.
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    128. Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Case-control study of vitamin supplementation and neural tube defects. Consideration of potential confounding by lifestyle factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Mar 15; 678:276-83.
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    129. Werler MM, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Periconceptional folic acid exposure and risk of occurrent neural tube defects. JAMA. 1993 Mar 10; 269(10):1257-61.
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    130. Orenstein SR, Mitchell AA, Ward SD. Concerning the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation on sleep position for infants. Pediatrics. 1993 Feb; 91(2):497-9.
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    131. Mitchell AA. Comment: patterns of isotretinoin prescribing. Ann Pharmacother. 1992 Oct; 26(10):1302.
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    132. Mitchell AA, Werler MM, Shapiro S. Analyses and reanalyses of epidemiologic data: learning lessons and maintaining perspective. Teratology. 1992 Sep; 46(3):209-11.
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    133. Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. Demographic, reproductive, medical, and environmental factors in relation to gastroschisis. Teratology. 1992 Apr; 45(4):353-60.
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    134. Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. First trimester maternal medication use in relation to gastroschisis. Teratology. 1992 Apr; 45(4):361-7.
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    135. Mitchell AA. Oral retinoids. What should the prescriber known about their teratogenic hazards among women of child-bearing potential? Drug Saf. 1992 Mar-Apr; 7(2):79-85.
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    136. Werler MM, Lammer EJ, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA. Maternal alcohol use in relation to selected birth defects. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Oct 1; 134(7):691-8.
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    137. Werler MM, Lammer EJ, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy in relation to oral clefts. Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Nov; 132(5):926-32.
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    138. Werler MM, Lammer EJ, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA. Maternal vitamin A supplementation in relation to selected birth defects. Teratology. 1990 Nov; 42(5):497-503.
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    139. Lesko SM, Epstein MF, Mitchell AA. Recent patterns of drug use in newborn intensive care. J Pediatr. 1990 Jun; 116(6):985-90.
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    140. Freeman J, Lesko SM, Mitchell AA, Epstein MF, Shapiro S. Hyperbilirubinemia following exposure to pancuronium bromide in newborns. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 14(4):209-15.
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    141. Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. The relation of aspirin use during the first trimester of pregnancy to congenital cardiac defects. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 14; 321(24):1639-42.
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    142. Lacouture PG, Lesko SM, Hassen LV, Ringer S, Epstein MF, Mitchell AA. Adhesive tape remover pads: a risk to the newborn? Am J Dis Child. 1989 Dec; 143(12):1391.
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    143. Mitchell AA, Lacouture PG, Sheehan JE, Kauffman RE, Shapiro S. Adverse drug reactions in children leading to hospital admission. Pediatrics. 1988 Jul; 82(1):24-9.
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    144. Lacouture PG, Epstein MF, Mitchell AA. Vancomycin-associated shock and rash in newborn infants. J Pediatr. 1987 Oct; 111(4):615-6.
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    145. Amitai Y, Mitchell AA, McGuigan MA, Lovejoy FH. Ipecac-induced emesis and reduction of plasma concentrations of drugs following accidental overdose in children. Pediatrics. 1987 Sep; 80(3):364-7.
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    146. Louik C, Mitchell AA, Werler MM, Hanson JW, Shapiro S. Maternal exposure to spermicides in relation to certain birth defects. N Engl J Med. 1987 Aug 20; 317(8):474-8.
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    147. Lesko SM, Mitchell AA, Epstein MF, Louik C, Giacoia GP, Shapiro S. Heparin use as a risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage in low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med. 1986 May 1; 314(18):1156-60.
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    148. Mitchell AA, Cottler LB, Shapiro S. Effect of questionnaire design on recall of drug exposure in pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Apr; 123(4):670-6.
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    149. Louik C, Lacouture PG, Mitchell AA, Kauffman R, Lovejoy FH, Yaffe SJ, Shapiro S. A study of adverse reaction algorithms in a drug surveillance program. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1985 Aug; 38(2):183-7.
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    150. Louik C, Mitchell AA, Epstein MF, Shapiro S. Risk factors for neonatal hyperglycemia associated with 10% dextrose infusion. Am J Dis Child. 1985 Aug; 139(8):783-6.
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    151. Mitchell AA, Schwingl PJ, Rosenberg L, Louik C, Shapiro S. Birth defects in relation to Bendectin use in pregnancy. II. Pyloric stenosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983 Dec 1; 147(7):737-42.
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    152. Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA, Parsells JL, Pashayan H, Louik C, Shapiro S. Lack of relation of oral clefts to diazepam use during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1983 Nov 24; 309(21):1282-5.
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    153. Mitchell AA, Lacouture PG, Crone RK. Accidental administration of ergonovine to a newborn. JAMA. 1983 Aug 12; 250(6):730-1.
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    154. Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. Bendectin (debendox) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Lancet. 1983 Apr 23; 1(8330):930.
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    155. Lacouture PG, Lovejoy FH, Mitchell AA. Acute hypothermia associated with atropine. Am J Dis Child. 1983 Mar; 137(3):291-2.
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    156. Mitchell AA, Lovejoy FH, Slone D, Shapiro S. Acetaminophen and aspirin. Prescription, use, and accidental ingestion among children. Am J Dis Child. 1982 Nov; 136(11):976-9.
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    157. Shapiro S, Slone D, Heinonen OP, Kaufman DW, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA, Helmrich SP. Birth defects and vaginal spermicides. JAMA. 1982 May 7; 247(17):2381-4.
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    158. Mitchell AA, Louik C, Lacouture P, Slone D, Goldman P, Shapiro S. Risks to children from computed tomographic scan premedication. JAMA. 1982 May 7; 247(17):2385-8.
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    159. Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S, Slone D. Selected birth defects in relation to caffeine-containing beverages. JAMA. 1982 Mar 12; 247(10):1429-32.
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    160. Mitchell AA, Hartz SC, Shapiro S, Slone D. Patterns of preadmission medication use among hospitalized children. Pediatr Pharmacol (New York). 1982; 2(3):209-16.
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    161. Mitchell AA, Rosenberg L, Shapiro S, Slone D. Birth defects related to bendectin use in pregnancy. I. Oral clefts and cardiac defects. JAMA. 1981 Jun 12; 245(22):2311-4.
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    162. Slone D, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Strategies for studying the effects of the antenatal chemical environment on the fetus. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1980; 36:1-7.
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    163. Lacouture PG, Mitchell AA, Lovejoy FH. Thiethylperazine (Torecan)-associated dystonic reactions in children. Pediatrics. 1979 Dec; 64(6):954-5.
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    164. Mitchell AA, Goldman P, Shapiro S, Slone D. Drug utilization and reported adverse reactions in hospitalized children. Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Aug; 110(2):196-204.
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    165. McGuigan MA, Mitchell AA. Prolonged action of intramuscular naloxone. Br Med J. 1977 Aug 27; 2(6086):580.
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    166. Shapiro S, Slone D, Hartz SC, Rosenberg L, Siskind V, Monson RR, Mitchell AA, Heinonen OP. Are hydantoins (phenytoins) human teratogens. J Pediatr. 1977 Apr; 90(4):673-5.
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    167. Senior B, Slone D, Shapiro S, MITCHELL AA, Heinonen OP. Letter: Benzothiadiazides and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Lancet. 1976 Aug 14; 2(7981):377.
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    168. Mitchell AA, Lovejoy FH, Goldman P. Drug ingestions associated with miosis in comatose children. J Pediatr. 1976 Aug; 89(2):303-5.
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    169. Shapiro S, Hartz SC, Siskind V, Mitchell AA, Slone D, Rosenberg L, Monson RR, Heinonen OP. Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects. Lancet. 1976 Feb 7; 1(7954):272-5.
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    170. Mitchell AA, Lovejoy FH. Hemodialysis in an infant with propoxyphene intoxication. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1975 May; 17(5):627-8.
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    171. Lovejoy FH, Mitchell AA, Goldman P. The management of propoxyphene poisoning. J Pediatr. 1974 Jul; 85(1):98-100.
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    172. Hernández-Díaz S, Su YC, Mitchell AA, Kelley KE, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates among women of childbearing age. Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Jun; 37:1-5.
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